Electrical products consists of many parts. Mostly, they are composed of electric parts that conduct electricity (conductors) and those that block electricity (insulators). If the insulator between parts that are accessible by humans and parts that are hazardous is defective, electric shock may occur if a human being touches the electric equipment. If the defective insulating part heats up, it may cause a fire. To prevent such accidents, evaluating the safety of electric equipment is extremely important. The typical tests are withstanding voltage test, insulation resistance test, leakage current test, and earth continuity test.
• Withstanding voltage and insulation resistance tests
These tests check whether the insulation performance of insulation section (solid insulation, clearance, etc.) between hazardous section and accessible section are sufficient.
• Leakage current test
This test measures the amount of current that flows assuming the case in which a human actually touches the electric equipment.
• Earth continuity test
This test checks whether the protective bonding is achieved by low resistance for equipment designed to use protective earthing for securing safety. These four tests are mandatory type tests that must be executed under the safety standards such as IEC and UL as well as the Electrical Appliance and Material Safety Law. The withstanding voltage and earth continuity tests that are performed between the primary circuit (parts connected to the commercial power line that may become an immediate threat) and accessible locations are routine tests that must be performed on all products on a regular basis.
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